Tunisia and the arab spring overview nc essential standards. Bouazizi had worked various jobs since he was ten, and in his. This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the middle east and north africa mena region during the past two years. This is an arab revolution 27 atlantic centrism 30 is cairo the next new york. Blythe a thesis submitted to johns hopkins university in. On 18 february, army forces opened fire on protesters when they tried to reenter the roundabout, fatally wounding one. From revolution to civil war 78 zones and does not tightly define civil war versus other intrastate conflict. Ultimately, however, i argue that the contagion of the arab spring revolu. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations. Egypt is the biggest arab state and it is the first state that signed a peace accord with israel.
Between expectations and disillusion henner furtig article outline 1 introduction 2 iranian foreign policy and the arab spring 3 reactions in the arab world 4 the struggle for the prerogative of interpretation of the arab spring inside iran 5 conclusion references. The problem was the saudi arabians, who the previous night had threatened to block the passage of a parcel of agreements they were demanding an addition to ita commitment to look into ways to compensate oil producers for the losses they would suffer if the. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. In recent years, we have witnessed revolutionary power of the streets worldwide, from egypt and the arab spring to the ukraine. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. February 24th, libya activists increase pressure on the ghaddafi regime, shutting down oil exports, burning police stations, and mobilizing armed rebel groups in western libya. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Indeed, the socalled arab spring has seen many non arab nations play a significant role in the changing face of the middle east and north africa as well as reaping the outcomes, both positive. Tunisia and the arab spring overview students begin this lesson by discussing the concept of freedom and the attributes of countries that embrace or deny freedom. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012.
The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. The arab spring was a phenomenon that shocked the international community. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. The role of information communication technologies in the arab spring pdf. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012. The arab spring its impact on the region and on the middle east conference of the regime and within the regime, with the former comprising tunisia, egypt, and libya and the latter including jordan and saudi arabia. The most recent bombing of syria follows a conflicted history that includes civil war, chemical. But not long before he arrived, the egyptian arab spring had begun, and now the country was in chaos. Aug 28, 2019 the arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. Middle east institute, and asia research institute, national university of singapore professor engseng ho asia research institute, national university of singapore, and duke university. A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Inform students that they are going to learn about a recent struggle for freedom that took place during the arab spring in tunisia. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath.
This guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, are driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and globalized. In egypt, textile workers in the nile delta town of almahalla alkobra took to the streets to complain about high prices and low wages, burning banners of the. An economist blog post provides a particularly good illustration of this dynamic. Apr 01, 2012 this pioneering explanation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. After his years of covering china for the new yorker, friends warned him egypt would be a much quieter place. Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period.
A metaphor for this process is the impact that wind has on fire. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and the overthrow of government. The arab states had no intrinsic national bond upon which to justify their existence. His father, a construction worker in libya, died of a heart attack when bouazizi was three. The geographic position of many arab states protagonist of the arab spring lead us to analyze also the international causes of these revolts. Convenors asia research institute, national university of.
Reflections from october 2011 to september 20 67 1. Instead of writing about these events from the perspective of those who create and implement policy, it is written by arab citizens themselves who up until these revolutions could not have their voices heard. He wanted to learn arabic, explore cairos neighborhoods, and visit the legendary archaeological digs of upper egypt. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria. The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. Indeed, the socalled arab spring has seen many nonarab nations play a significant role in the changing face of the middle east and north africa as well as reaping the outcomes, both positive. But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. The balance of states, algeria, djibouti, jordan, kuwait, lebanon, mauritania, morocco, oman and saudi arabia, have experienced only minor changes, returning to or retaining a prearab spring.
The arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. To gauge the class prior knowledge of the arab spring, ask for a show of hands as to how many students have heard the term arab spring on the news. Syrian uprising, arab spring, neoliberalism, islamists. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Triggers, dynamics and prospects stephan rosiny on 17 december 2010, the selfimmolation of tunisian vegetable vendor mohammed bouazizi sparked the arab spring. It is a prodemocracy demonstration which has been sweeping through middle east and north african since 2010. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. Within a few months, a wave of protest had swept away the despots of tunisia, egypt and libya.
Introduction the arab spring also known as the arab uprising is a revolutionary wave of protests that started in 2011 and spread throughout the arab world. Arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. To make matters worse, the economic situation, which has worsened in recent years because of illadvised decisions, is stoking fears of popular uprisings and widespread disturbances. The arab spring and its effects on the region, the united states, and the international community by devin m. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on. Pdf to counter the trend toward mechanization of research and aridity of critical analysis, this article makes a case for an interdisciplinary. Arab spring or arab awakening part 1 mohamed bouazizi, who was known locally as basboosa, was born in sidi bouzid, tunisia, on 29 march 1984. Voices of the arab spring is a unique account of the arab revolutions. Tunisia and morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining.
Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia. Issue brief aftermath of the arab spring in north africa exports, and 98 percent of government revenues. Faced with a popular movement of cairos youth, the army were reluctant to face public opprobrium and chose not to fire on the crowd. This pioneering elucidation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by. This zine presents two articles and a timeline regarding the arab spring of. Within this context, students will then learn about the arab spring through a powerpoint. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. Jan 28, 2016 in reality, the arab spring was a reactionary movement. Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. The winds of war blowing between saudi arabia and qatar, as well as iranian subversion, are destabilizing the persian gulf principalities. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. Egyptian military is not only in charge of the defence of the country but also. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012.
In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, were driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and. These internal crises could lead to a new arab spring in which some. Mar 18, 2017 the arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. Blythe a thesis submitted to johns hopkins university in conformity with the requirements for. One of the primary influences that have been highlighted in the analysis of the arab spring is the relative strength or weakness of a societys formal and informal institutions prior to the revolts. The arab spring five years later geopolitical futures.
Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and. Fidh 3 on 18 january 2011, in cairo, asmaa mahfouz, a 26yearold blogger, posted a video on facebook calling for a demonstration in tahrir square to protest. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Flames envelop a ukrainian protester behind burning barricades during clashes with police in kiev, ukraines capital in february. Arab spring, political status quo, demonstration, relative deprivation. If the latest arab awakening was about jobs and justice, then political reforms, unless accompanied by a leveling of the economic playing field, are unlikely to be sufficient on their own. Arab spring, egypt, revolution, social media, tunisia. Conservative and religious elements of the arab world supported the 2011 protests because they constituted an uprising against the european elements of arab nationalism. In reality, the arab spring was a reactionary movement. Arab spring, wave of prodemocracy protests and uprisings that took place in the middle east and north africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the regions entrenched authoritarian regimes. Michael slackman quoting andrew tabler, syrian troops fire on. It is too optimistic to think that existing dilemmas can be easily resolved in this new and changing environment, but the arab spring may provide strong momentum for change.
This pioneering explanation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. Arab spring latest burning issues 2018 free pdf download. The balance of states, algeria, djibouti, jordan, kuwait, lebanon, mauritania, morocco, oman and saudi arabia, have experienced only minor changes, returning to or retaining a pre arab spring. Former us ally muammar ghaddafi institutes a media blackout in libya. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. When the arab spring began, tunisia had an established infrastructure and a lower level of petty corruption than did other states, such as libya.
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